Compile more files with enabled exceptions, required for exiv2 0.27

Summary:
The (exception based) error handling is now pulled in by e.g. image.hpp,
so more files require enabled exception handling.

Depends on D17872

Test Plan: build

Reviewers: #gwenview, ngraham, cfeck, asturmlechner

Reviewed By: #gwenview, ngraham

Subscribers: wbauer, lbeltrame

Tags: #gwenview

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.kde.org/D17873